Large Operators

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Large Operators

Q

What are large operators?

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A

MathML defines 3 large operators that should be rendered in a larger font size than normal operators:

Summation: ∑
Integrals: ∫
Products: ∏

See the sample MathML code below:

<math display="block"><munderover><mo>∑</mo><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><mn>∞</mn></munderover>
  <mfrac><msup><mi>z</mi><mi>k</mi></msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>!</mo></mrow></mfrac>
  <mo>=</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mi>z</mi></msup></math>

\sum_{k = 0}^{∞} \frac{z^{k}}{k!} = e^{z}

Note that the font size of a large operator is not stretchy. See the example below:

<math display="block"><munderover><mo>∑</mo><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo>
  <mn>1</mn></mrow><mn>10</mn></munderover><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>55</mn></math>

\sum_{k = 1}^{10} k = 55

⇒ ISO/IEC 80000 - Quantities and units

⇐ stretchy="true|false" - Stretch Toggle

⇑ Stretched and Large Operators

⇑⇑ MathML (Mathematical Markup Language)

2026-10-24, ∼1985🔥, 0💬

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